A demonstration
Imagine that one day, as you're
in the middle of painting yet another of the realistic
pictures you're known for and are good at,
you suddenly stop, put down your brush,
and say:
Enough! I've had enough of this!
Why must I go on endlessly
depicting what I see? Music doesn't
have to tell a story or imitate familiar sounds - why
shouldn't I too break free from representation?
So you take
some blank canvases and papers and boards and
paints and solvents and you
start exploring ways of creating a visual
art which doesn't describe or interpret known objects
but is its
own reality.
Immediately you become aware that
certain options are open to you. Gradually,
depending on your tastes, moods, influences and the random
effects which the materials themselves provide, you
choose to pursue one or more of those options. Having
put aside the figurative content which previously dominated
your attention, you now focus on process, invention and
concept.
Links
below are to relevant works by some of the
innumerable abstract painters who created
personal styles out of some or all
of these eight modes. The processes
often fuse or overlap, but I found it
useful to single them out.
1. STAINED
Free-flowing,
transparent or dense, indeterminately-edged,
ethereal. Bissier, Frankenthaler, Still
2. BUILT
with informal blocks
of interlocked shapes, creating perspectiveless
depth by colour and texture. De
Stael, Hodgkin, Diebenkorn
3. GESTURED
with
brush, charcoal, fingers, etc. A spontaneous
calligraphic means of creating form. Kline, Blow, Hitchens
4. GEOMETRICIZED
Devising
and obeying
invented rules,
proportions, concepts, hard-edged,
rigorous. Mondrian, Nicholson, Malevich
5. PATTERNED
Over-all,
edgeless, whether patiently drawn or made by
controlling random processes. Pollock, Tobey Davie
6. FIGMENTED
fragments
of imagination and chance. Shapes invented or
loosely based on remembered objects. Mirò, Gorky, Friedlaender
7. SCRIBBLED
Linear signs,
perhaps words or hieroglyphs, on smooth or
rough surfaces, coloured or plain. Klee, Twombly, Tàpies
8. FILLED
Large
empty fields
of intense colour, atmospheric, enveloping. Rothko, Olitski, Newman
That's my over-simplified
but fairly accurate summing-up of some of the paths
taken by any painter who sets out on a journey away from
representation. 'Art for art's sake' makes sense when
perceived as a desire to escape from the prison
of the seen - or rather, the scene - in order
to paint something other. How do you get to that otherness and
still remain a painter? The eight processes shown above
are possible ways to get there which have been
explored and elaborated by most of the abstract and semi-abstract
painters of our time.
However, they are not exclusive
to modern times or to abstract art. If you isolate
details from well-known figurative paintings of any period,
it's very clear that those
modes crop up everywhere and that they
play a role in shaping the styles of individual
artists, whatever their subject. What was new
about some modern abstract art is that it made
process become the master, the subject, rather than remaining
merely technique, the servant.
But ABSTRACT versus
FIGURATIVE is a false dichotomy. Great figurative
art of any period never re-presents reality as
we know it so it's already abstraction. But
it does offer startling new ways to see the familiar
and, sometimes, shows us things that are completely unfamiliar.
The fragments I've
selected merely show examples of the eight
abstract modes in the handling of paint
or the composition of these particular figurative
paintings. I don't mean to imply that these
artists' work can be categorised under such
labels.
Links to the
full pictures from which the details
are taken:
1. Watteau
2. El Greco
3. John Singer Sargent
4. Vermeer
5. Klimt
6. Bruegel
7. Rembrandt
8. De La Tour
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